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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(12): 1443-1452, dez. 2017. tab, ilus, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895396

ABSTRACT

This article describes the clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects of 17 outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) disease in sheep occurring between December 2014 and July 2015 in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), southern Brazil. Affected farms were visited for clinical examination, necropsy, sample collection and epidemiological investigation. The outbreaks were seasonal and occurred during the summer and autumn. A total of 180 sheep (20.4%) out of 884 in 17 small herds were affected. All ages of Texel and mixed breed sheep were affected. However, lambs (younger than one year) had higher morbidity than adult sheep. The most frequent clinical signs were anorexia, lethargy, loss of body condition, facial swelling mainly involving the lips, and greenish seromucous or mucous nasal discharge. Pulmonary lesions characterized by edema were the most prevalent findings; however, erosive and ulcerative lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract, as well as cardiac, skeletal muscle and esophageal striated muscle necrosis, and hemorrhage in the pulmonary artery were also frequent. The bluetongue virus (BTV) genome was detected by RT-PCR in blood and tissue samples (spleen and lungs) of 21 animals from 17 outbreaks. The virus involved in the outbreak 3 was subsequently isolated and shown to belong to serotype 17, for the first time reported in Brazil. In summary, our data support the BTV genotype 17 as the etiological agent of the outbreaks and indicate that the central region of RS is an area at risk for BT in sheep, a disease previously not recognized in the region.(AU)


O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de 17 surtos de língua azul (BT) em ovinos, que ocorreram entre dezembro de 2014 a julho de 2015, na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para isso, foram realizadas visitas as propriedades nas quais ocorreram surtos da doença para investigação epidemiológica e clínica, realização de necropsias e coleta de amostras. Os surtos foram sazonais e ocorreram durante o verão e outono. Em 17 pequenos rebanhos, de um total de 884 ovinos, 180 adoeceram (20,4%). Ovinos de todas as faixas etárias, da raça Texel e sem raça definida, foram acometidos. Entretanto, ovinos com menos de um ano de idade tiveram taxa de morbidade maior do que ovinos com um ano ou mais. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes caracterizaram-se por anorexia, apatia, acentuada perda de peso, edema facial, envolvendo principalmente os lábios, e secreção nasal seromucosa ou muco-esverdeada. Lesões pulmonares, caracterizadas por edema, foram as mais prevalentes. Porém, lesões erosivas e ulcerativas no trato gastrointestinal superior, assim como necrose da musculatura cardíaca e esquelética e do músculo estriado do esôfago e hemorragia na artéria pulmonar foram frequentes. O genoma do BTV foi detectado por RT-PCR em amostras de sangue e tecidos (baço e pulmão) de 21 animais de 17 surtos. O vírus envolvido no surto 3 foi subsequentemente isolado e pertence ao sorotipo 17, que pela primeira vez é descrito no Brasil. Em síntese, nossos dados permitem concluir que o BTV é o agente causador dos surtos e indicam que a Região Central do RS é uma área de risco para a ocorrência de BT em ovinos, uma doença, até então, não reconhecida nessa região.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Sheep , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Bluetongue/epidemiology , Bluetongue virus/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
2.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(3): 323-330, July-Sept. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-688708

ABSTRACT

Cerebral parasitic cysts constitute a major problem for livestock. Among these, coenurosis and toxoplasmosis are predominant. Here, a total number of 60 sheep obtained from a private farm in Suez province, Egypt, were examined postmortem to detect visible parasitic cysts, and microscopically to detect small-sized entities. Necropsy revealed bladder-like cysts measuring 0.5-6.5 cm in diameter that were filled with a translucent fluid containing a large number of protoscolices. Accordingly, the cysts were identified as the metacestode Coenurus cerebralis. Among the sheep examined, 11 animals (7 males and 4 females) (18.3%) were infected. Most of the cysts were located in the cerebral hemispheres, with numbers ranging from one to three per infected animal. The effect of the presence of cysts in the brain tissue was evaluated. Histopathologically, pseudocysts of the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii were found in two animals with no detectable inflammatory cell reactions. In conclusion, coenurosis and toxoplasmosis are serious parasitic problems that play a significant role in sheep management in Egypt, as a result of close contact between livestock and dogs and cats, which play a critical role in the life cycle of these parasites.


Cistos cerebrais parasitários constituem um grande problema para o gado. Entre estes, coenurosis e toxoplasmose são predominantes. Aqui, um número total de 60 ovelhas obtidas em uma fazenda particular na província Suez, Egito, foram examinadas post-mortem para a detecção de cistos parasitários visíveis e microscopicamente para detectar cistos de pequenas dimensões. A necropsia revelou cistos medindo entre 0,5-6,5 cm de diâmetro, preenchidos com um fluido transparente, contendo um grande número de protoscolices. Por conseguinte, os cistos foram identificados como o metacestóide Coenurus cerebralis. Entre as ovelhas examinadas, 11 animais (7 machos e 4 fêmeas) (18,3%) estavam infectados. A maior parte dos cistos estavam localizados nos hemisférios cerebrais, com números variando de um a três em ovinos infectados. O efeito da presença de cistos no tecido do cérebro foi avaliado. Histopatologicamente, pseudocistos de Toxoplasma gondii foram encontrados em dois animais sem reações inflamatórias detectáveis. Em conclusão, coenurosis e toxoplasmose são graves problemas parasitários que desempenham um papel significativo no manejo de ovelhas no Egito, como resultado do contacto íntimo dos animais com os cães e gatos, que desempenham um papel crítico no ciclo de vida desses parasitas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cysticercosis/veterinary , Brain Diseases/veterinary , Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections/veterinary , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/epidemiology , Brain Diseases/parasitology , Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections/epidemiology , Cestode Infections/diagnosis , Cestode Infections/epidemiology , Egypt/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology
3.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 44(3): 889-896, July-Sept. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699822

ABSTRACT

Listeriosis is a disease primarily of ruminants caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Ruminants either demonstrate manifestations of the encephalitic, septicemic, or reproductive form of listeriosis. The pathological and molecular findings with encephalitic listeriosis in a 5.5-month-old, male, mixed-breed goat and a 3-year-old Texel-crossed sheep from northern Paraná, Brazil are described. Clinically, the kid demonstrated circling, lateral protrusion of the tongue, head tilt, and convulsions; the ewe presented ataxia, motor incoordination, and lateral decumbency. Brainstem dysfunctions were diagnosed clinically and listeriosis was suspected. Necropsy performed on both animals did not reveal remarkable gross lesions; significant histopathological alterations were restricted to the brainstem (medulla oblongata; rhombencephalitis) and were characterized as meningoencephalitis that consisted of extensive mononuclear perivascular cuffings, neutrophilic and macrophagic microabscesses, and neuroparenchymal necrosis. PCR assay and direct sequencing, using genomic bacterial DNA derived from the brainstem of both animals, amplified the desired 174 base pairs length amplicon of the listeriolysin O gene of L. monocytogenes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the strains associated with rhombencephalitis during this study clustered with known strains of L. monocytogenes lineage I from diverse geographical locations and from cattle of the state of Paraná with encephalitic listeriosis. Consequently, these strains should be classified as L. monocytogenes lineage I. These results confirm the active participation of lineage I strains of L. monocytogenes in the etiopathogenesis of the brainstem dysfunctions observed during this study, probably represent the first characterization of small ruminant listeriosis by molecular techniques in Latin America, and suggest that ruminants within the state of Paraná were infected by the strains of the same lineage of L. monocytogenes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Bacterial Toxins/genetics , Goat Diseases/pathology , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Hemolysin Proteins/genetics , Listeriosis/veterinary , Meningoencephalitis/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Brazil , Brain Stem/pathology , Cluster Analysis , Genotype , Goats , Goat Diseases/microbiology , Histocytochemistry , Listeria monocytogenes/genetics , Listeriosis/microbiology , Listeriosis/pathology , Meningoencephalitis/microbiology , Meningoencephalitis/pathology , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Homology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/microbiology
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(5): 423-427, maio 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554292

ABSTRACT

Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE) is the most prominent lesion seen in the chronic form of enterotoxemia by Clostridium perfringens type D. This paper reports FSE in sheep in Brazil. Six deaths occurred within a seven days period in a flock of 70, four to 30-month-old Santa Inês sheep in the state of Paraíba in the Brazilian semiarid. The flock was grazing a paddock of irrigated sprouting Cynodon dactylon (Tifton grass), and supplemented, ad libitum, with a concentrate of soybean, corn and wheat. Nervous signs included blindness and recumbence. A 19 month-old sheep was examined clinically and necropsied after a clinical course of three days. Gross lesions were herniation of the cerebellar vermis and multifocal, bilateral, symmetric brownish areas in the internal capsule, thalamus and cerebellar peduncles. Histologic lesions were multifocal, bilateral malacia with some neutrophils, swelling of blood vessels endothelium, perivascular edema, and hemorrhages. The flock was vaccinated, before the outbreak, with only one dose of Clostridium perfringens type D vaccine. Two factors are suggested to be important for the occurrence of the disease: insufficient immunity due to the incorrect vaccination; and high nutritional levels by the supplementation with highly fermentable carbohydrates.


Encefalomalacia focal simétrica (EFS) é a lesão mais proeminente vista nas formas subaguda ou crônica da enterotoxemia por Clostridium perfringens tipo D. Este trabalho relata EFS em ovinos no semiárido do estado da Paraíba. Seis ovinos morreram, em um período de sete dias, dentro de um rebanho de 70 animais, da raça Santa Inês, entre 4-30 meses de idade, que pastavam em piquete de Cynodon dactylon (capim Tifton), que estava rebrotando. Os ovinos eram suplementados com um concentrado de soja, trigo e milho. Os sinais nervosos incluíam cegueira e decúbito lateral. Um ovino de 19 meses de idade foi examinado clinicamente e necropsiado, depois de um curso clínico de 3 dias. Macroscopicamente foram observadas herniação do cerebelo e áreas acastanhadas, multifocais, simétricas e bilaterais na cápsula interna, tálamo e pedúnculo cerebelar. Histologicamente observou-se malacia, bilateral e simétrica, com alguns neutrófilos, tumefação das células endoteliais dos vasos sanguíneos, edema perivascular e hemorragia. O rebanho foi vacinado, antes do surto, com umaúnica dose de vacina para Clostridium perfringens tipo D. Dois fatores são sugestivos quanto a importância da ocorrência da enfermidade: imunidade insuficiente devida à vacinação incorreta; e altos níveis nutricionais da suplementação com carboidratos altamente fermentáveis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Clostridium perfringens/pathogenicity , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Encephalomalacia/veterinary , Enterotoxemia/complications , 60379/toxicity , Sheep/microbiology
5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 29(9): 747-752, Sept. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-532847

ABSTRACT

Para estabelecer um modelo experimental para o estudo da etiologia, patologia e patogênese da polioencefalomalacia em ruminantes, a condição foi induzida em cinco ovinos pela administração oral de amprólio nas doses diárias de 500 e 1.000mg/kg de peso animal, respectivamente por 28-59 dias e 13-39 dias. Todos os ovinos morreram ou foram eutanasiados in extremis após um curso clínico de 3-7 dias. Os sinais clínicos incluíam depressão, incoordenação, midríase, bruxismo, cegueira e decúbito com opistótono e movimentos de pedalagem. Salivação excessiva e posição de cavalete foi observada em um ovino e mioclonias em um outro. Os principais achados de necropsia restringiam-se ao sistema nervoso central e incluíam tumefação do encéfalo com achatamento dos giros telencefálicos e hemorragias nos lobos parietal e occipital do telencéfalo; as hemorragias ocorriam também nas áreas submeníngeas da medula espinhal e do mesencéfalo. Histologicamente, havia necrose segmentar laminar de neurônios (neurônios vermelhos) associada a edema, tumefação de células endoteliais, hemorragias e infiltração por macrófagos espumosos (células gitter). Essas alterações eram mais marcadas nos lobos frontal, parietal e occipital do telencéfalo e havia uma demarcação abrupta entre as lesões e o neurópilo normal adjacente. Adicionalmente, lesões semelhantes, mas menos acentuadas, eram observadas no mesencéfalo, tálamo e hipocampo. Levando em consideração a reproducibilidade regular dos aspectos da polioencefalomalacia em ovinos pela administração de amprólio, esse modelo pode ser útil para o estudo da doença.


In order to establish an experimental model for the study of the etiology, pathology, and pathogenesis of polioencephalomalacia in ruminants, the condition was induced in five sheep by oral administration of amprolium at daily doses of 500 and 1,000mg per kg of body weight respectively for 28-59 days and for 13-39 days. All sheep died or were euthanized in extremis after illness of 3-7 days. Clinical signs included depression, incoordination, midriasis, grinding of the teeth, blindness, and laying down with opisthotonus and paddling movements. Drooling and a sawhorse stance were observed in one sheep and myoclonus in another one. Main gross lesions were restricted to the central nervous system and included swelling of the brain with flattening of telencephalic gyri, and hemorrhages in the parietal and occipital lobes of the telencephalon, in the submeningeal areas of the spinal cord and in the mesencephalon. Histologically, there was segmental laminar neuronal necrosis (red neurons) associated with edema, swelling of endothelial cells, hemorrhages and infiltration by foamy macrophages (gitter cells). These changes were more marked in the frontal, parietal and occipital telecephalic lobes and there was sharp demarcation between the lesions and the adjacent normal neuropile. Additionally, similar, but less marked lesions were seen in the mesencephalon, thalamus and hippocampus. Considering the consistent reproducible aspects of polioencephalomalacia in sheep using amprolium, this may be an useful model for the study of the disease.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Amprolium/toxicity , Disease Models, Animal , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Amprolium/administration & dosage , Necrosis/veterinary , Sheep/physiology
6.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 185-191, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-56720

ABSTRACT

Sheep and goats are frequently presented with different forms of hernias to veterinary clinics. The aim of this study is to investigate the outcome of the surgical treatment of abdominal, umbilical, inguinal and scrotal hernias in sheep and goats. Fifty-eight clinical cases (sheep = 44, goat = 14) were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia from September, 2003 to September, 2006. These animals had abdominal (sheep = 30, goat = 10), umbilical (sheep = 6, goat = 4), inguinal (sheep = 7) and scrotal (sheep = 1) hernias. All the cases of hernias in sheep and goats were subjected to full study including the history of the case, classification of hernias, the size of the hernial ring, surgical repair of the hernias, adhesions between the hernial sacs in each case, the postoperative care and follow up of the cases. The results revealed that gender had an effect on the incidence of hernia. The incidence of abdominal hernias was higher in females and the incidence of inguinal hernia was higher in males. There was a positive correlation between the history of hernia and the degree of adhesion. For the sheep, 26 out of 30 cases of abdominal hernia had good outcomes and the healing was excellent. There were postoperative complications in 4 ewes. For the goats, there were slight swellings at the site of operation in 2 out of 10 cases of abdominal hernia, while the remaining 8 cases had good outcomes. There was one case of umbilical hernia with an umbilical abscess that had broken down with sepsis formation at the surgical site. In conclusion, the success rates of surgical treatment for all types of hernias were very high and there were no significant differences in the success rates among the different types of hernias in both sheep and goats. The types of suture materials and the types of hernias had no significant effect on the outcome of the surgical treatment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Goat Diseases/pathology , Goats , Hernia/pathology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/pathology
7.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 423-425, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-210993

ABSTRACT

A fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the left udder of a 3-month-old female Chios lamb. No recurrence was observed after surgery. Grossly, the tumor had a whitishgray lobular appearance, and the lobules were interlaced with thin septa. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of proliferating fibroepithelial tissue, including differentiated ducts lined by whorls and interlacing bundles of abundant loose fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the ductal epithelium to be positive for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and loose fibrovascular stroma was positive for vimentin and basal cells covering the ductal epithelium of alpha-smooth-muscle actin. Immunostaining for the estrogen and progesterone receptors was negative. A diagnosis of mammary fibroadenoma was made based on the histological and immunohistochemical findings.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Fibroadenoma/pathology , Keratins/metabolism , Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Vimentin/metabolism
8.
Ciênc. rural ; 35(2): 475-477, mar.-abr. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-393810

ABSTRACT

Descreve-se um surto de dermatite alérgica sazonal em ovinos nos municípios de São Vicente do Sul e Jaguari, Rio Grande do Sul. Os ovinos afetados não tinham raça definida e pertenciam a diversas categorias. As lesões eram vistas principalmente na cabeça (orelhas e ao redor dos olhos, focinho e lábios), úbere, porção distal dos membros e abdômen ventral. Dois padrões de lesão foram encontrados; num padrão agudo havia acentuado eritema associado à grande quantidade de pápulas, pústulas, colaretes epidérmicos e crostas; no padrão crônico, áreas liquenificadas, ulceradas, exsudativas, crostosas, alopécicas e, por vezes, sangrantes, eram vistas nos mesmos locais. Microscopicamente, os ovinos mais recentemente afetados demonstravam dermatite perivascular superficial eosinofílica, já os animais com lesões mais antigas apresentavam dermatite perivascular superficial linfo-histioplasmocitária.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dermatology , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Parasitology , Pathology
9.
Journal of Dohuk University. 2004; 7 (2): 114-117
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-66605

ABSTRACT

Fourteen animals with ventral abdominal hernias presented to Malta veterinary teaching hospital during two years period were recorded. Sheep [78.6%] were more affected than goats [21.4%]. Eight hernias occurred in the ventrolateral part of the abdominal wall, three hernias occurred in the paracostal region, two hernias in the inguinal region and one in the prepubic region. These hernias occurred more frequently in females [71.4%] than in males [28.6%]


Subject(s)
Animals , Hernia, Ventral/surgery , Hernia, Ventral/pathology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Sheep Diseases/surgery , Goats
10.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 9(2): 110-113, maio-ago. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-384858

ABSTRACT

Através da medida da aspartato transaminase (E.C.2.6.1.1.) (AST), foi realizado, por dois anos consecutivos, o controle de 110 ovinos expostos em feira internacional, procurando-se detectar animais, prestes a desencadear crise hemolítica, devida a intoxicação crônica por cobre (ICC). No primeiro ano, ocorreram óbitos por ICC, e a medida da AST revelou taxas elevadas no sangue dos animais. Metade dos animais que apresentaram níveis de AST superiores a 600 UI/I morreram em crise hemolítica. Sugere-se que o manejo, o estresse da viagem e da feira, aliados à grande quantidade de ração ingerida, desencadearam a crise. No segundo ano, não ocorreram mortes dos animais e constatou-se a diminuição dos níveis enzimáticos de AST no sangue. Os dados obtidos sugerem que a medida da AST é um bom indicador do desencadeamento da crise hemolítica em ovinos submetidos a dietas ricas em cobre.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/poisoning , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Copper , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Sheep Diseases/blood
11.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 7(1): 55-57, jan.-abr. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-302324

ABSTRACT

O trabalho descreve a modificaçäo da técnica de punçäo-biópsia hepática usada no diagnóstico de várias doenças em ruminantes. As modificaçöes propostas consistem no uso de uma agulha de pequeno calibre (agulha de Silverman), em lugar do material rotineiramente utilizado, além da demarcaçäo de um novo ponto de penetraçäo na cavidade peritoneal. A técnica modificada, aplicada em 65 ovinos imobilizados mecanicamente, mostrou ser efetiva em condiçöes de campo, sem provocar hemorragias no parênquima hepático ou danos nos canais biliares. Os resultados sugerem que as modificaçöes propostas, na técnica, säo de uso satisfatório na colheita de amostras hepáticas por punçäo-biópsia, para exames histológicos, em pequenos ruminantes.


Subject(s)
Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Biopsy, Needle/veterinary
13.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 14(3): 175-85, 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-128539

ABSTRACT

Foram examinados anátomo-histopatologicamente os diversossegmentos do sistema genital de 16 ovinos machos adultos, das raças Morada Nova (6), Santa Inês (7) e Somalis (3), procedentes do município de Sobral/CE. Os animais foram sacrificados após exames clínico-andrológicos ao se diagnosticar algum problema reprodutivo. As lesöes foram registradas, apenas, nos testículos, nosepidídimos e na bolsa escrotal, apresentando a seguinte ordem de freqüência: degeneraçäo testicular (37,50//), epididimite näo infecciosa (25,00//) e calcificaçäotesticular, orquite-epididimite, hipoplasia testicular e epididimária ocorrendo em 8,33//cada uma. A lesäo menos freqüente foi o abscesso escrotal devido ao Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis na frequência de 4,1//. O diagnóstico clínico-andrológico das alteraçöes gonadais é de fundamental importância pois a maioria delas causa subfertilidade ou esterilidade


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Testicular Diseases/veterinary , Urogenital System/pathology , Testicular Diseases/pathology , Sheep
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